A company wants to direct its users to a backup static error page if the company's primary website is unavailable. The primary website's DNS records are hosted in Amazon Route 53. The domain is pointing to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company needs a solution that minimizes changes and infrastructure overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Update the Route 53 records to use a latency routing policy. Add a static error page that is hosted in an Amazon S3 bucket to the records so that the traffic is sent to the most responsive endpoints.
B. Set up a Route 53 active-passive failover configuration. Direct traffic to a static error page that is hosted in an Amazon S3 bucket when Route 53 health checks determine that the ALB endpoint is unhealthy.
C. Set up a Route 53 active-active configuration with the ALB and an Amazon EC2 instance that hosts a static error page as endpoints. Configure Route 53 to send requests to the instance only if the health checks fail for the ALB.
D. Update the Route 53 records to use a multivalue answer routing policy. Create a health check. Direct traffic to the website if the health check passes. Direct traffic to a static error page that is hosted in Amazon S3 if the health check does not pass.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Route 53 failover routing (active-passive) is designed for this scenario. Configure the ALB as the primary record and an Amazon S3 static website hosting the error page as the secondary (failover) record. A Route 53 health check monitors the ALB, and if it becomes unhealthy, Route 53 automatically returns the S3 endpoint. This requires minimal infrastructure and DNS changes. Latency routing is unrelated to failover, active-active with EC2 adds unnecessary infrastructure, and multivalue answer routing is not intended for primary/failover behavior.
Question 466
A company deploys its applications on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) behind an Application Load Balancer in an AWS Region. The application needs to store data in a PostgreSQL database engine. The company wants the data in the database to be highly available. The company also needs increased capacity for read workloads.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?
A. Create an Amazon DynamoDB database table configured with global tables.
B. Create an Amazon RDS database with Multi-AZ deployments.
C. Create an Amazon RDS database with Multi-AZ DB cluster deployment.
D. Create an Amazon RDS database configured with cross-Region read replicas.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB cluster deployments for PostgreSQL provide high availability with automatic failover and include two readable standby instances, increasing read capacity while remaining fully managed. A standard Multi-AZ DB instance deployment improves availability but does not provide the same read scaling. DynamoDB is not PostgreSQL, and cross-Region read replicas add unnecessary complexity because cross-Region deployment is not a stated requirement.
Question 467
A company runs a stateful production application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application requires at least two EC2 instances to always be running.
A solutions architect needs to design a highly available and fault-tolerant architecture for the application. The solutions architect creates an Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances.
Which set of additional steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?
A. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to two. Deploy one On-Demand Instance in one Availability Zone and one On-Demand Instance in a second Availability Zone.
B. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to four. Deploy two On-Demand Instances in one Availability Zone and two On-Demand Instances in a second Availability Zone.
C. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to two. Deploy four Spot Instances in one Availability Zone.
D. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to four. Deploy two On-Demand Instances in one Availability Zone and two Spot Instances in a second Availability Zone.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The requirement is that at least two EC2 instances must always be running while providing high availability and fault tolerance. To tolerate the loss of an entire Availability Zone and still have two running instances immediately, the Auto Scaling group should maintain four On-Demand instances distributed evenly across two AZs (two per AZ). If one AZ fails, the two instances in the remaining AZ continue running. Spot Instances are not appropriate for a stateful production workload because they can be interrupted.
Question 468
A company wants to use an event-driven programming model with AWS Lambda. The company wants to reduce startup latency for Lambda functions that run on Java 11. The company does not have strict latency requirements for the applications. The company wants to reduce cold starts and outlier latencies when a function scales up.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Configure Lambda provisioned concurrency.
B. Increase the timeout of the Lambda functions.
C. Increase the memory of the Lambda functions.
D. Configure Lambda SnapStart.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: AWS Lambda SnapStart is designed to reduce cold start latency for supported runtimes such as Java 11 by restoring execution environments from pre-initialized snapshots. It reduces cold starts and scale-up latency without the ongoing cost of provisioned concurrency. Provisioned concurrency is better for strict latency requirements but incurs additional charges. Increasing timeout does not affect startup latency, and increasing memory may improve CPU allocation but does not directly address cold starts.
Question 469
A company runs an application that uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The application receives traffic only on weekdays during business hours. The company wants to optimize costs and reduce operational overhead based on this usage.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use the Instance Scheduler on AWS to configure start and stop schedules.
B. Turn off automatic backups. Create weekly manual snapshots of the database.
C. Create a custom AWS Lambda function to start and stop the database based on minimum CPU utilization.
D. Purchase All Upfront reserved DB instances.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Using Instance Scheduler on AWS to start and stop Amazon RDS instances on a fixed weekday business-hours schedule directly matches the predictable usage pattern, reduces compute costs when the database is not needed, and minimizes operational overhead. Disabling backups increases risk and does not address runtime costs. A CPU-driven Lambda is more complex and does not align with fixed business-hour usage. Reserved DB instances provide discounted pricing for continuously needed capacity but do not eliminate charges during off-hours or automate scheduling.
Question 470
A company is building a RESTful serverless web application on AWS by using Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The users of this web application will be geographically distributed, and the company wants to reduce the latency of API requests to these users.
Which type of endpoint should a solutions architect use to meet these requirements?
A. Private endpoint
B. Regional endpoint
C. Interface VPC endpoint
D. Edge-optimized endpoint
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Edge-optimized API Gateway endpoints are designed for geographically distributed clients. They use the Amazon CloudFront edge network so requests are routed to the nearest edge location, reducing latency. Regional endpoints are best for clients primarily in the same AWS Region (or when using your own CloudFront distribution). Private endpoints are only accessible from within a VPC via interface VPC endpoints, and an interface VPC endpoint is not an API Gateway endpoint type.
Question 471
A company is creating a REST API. The company has strict requirements for the use of TLS. The company requires TLSv1.3 on the API endpoints. The company also requires a specific public third-party certificate authority (CA) to sign the TLS certificate.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use a local machine to create a certificate that is signed by the third-party CImport the certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Create an HTTP API in Amazon API Gateway with a custom domain. Configure the custom domain to use the certificate.
B. Create a certificate in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) that is signed by the third-party CA. Create an HTTP API in Amazon API Gateway with a custom domain. Configure the custom domain to use the certificate.
C. Use AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to create a certificate that is signed by the third-party CA. Import the certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Create an AWS Lambda function with a Lambda function URL. Configure the Lambda function URL to use the certificate.
D. Create a certificate in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) that is signed by the third-party CA. Create an AWS Lambda function with a Lambda function URL. Configure the Lambda function URL to use the certificate.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: API Gateway custom domains support configuring a minimum TLS version, including TLS 1.3 where supported, and can use certificates stored in ACM. ACM cannot request a publicly trusted certificate from an arbitrary third-party public CA; third-party public certificates must be obtained externally and imported into ACM. Lambda function URLs do not support attaching custom ACM certificates in the way described.
Question 472
A company has a large workload that runs every Friday evening. The workload runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are in two Availability Zones in the us-east-1 Region. Normally, the company must run no more than two instances at all times. However, the company wants to scale up to six instances each Friday to handle a regularly repeating increased workload.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create a reminder in Amazon EventBridge to scale the instances.
B. Create an Auto Scaling group that has a scheduled action.
C. Create an Auto Scaling group that uses manual scaling.
D. Create an Auto Scaling group that uses automatic scaling.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An EC2 Auto Scaling group with scheduled actions is designed for predictable, recurring capacity changes. Configure the Auto Scaling group with a minimum/desired capacity of 2 normally, then use a scheduled action every Friday evening to increase desired capacity to 6, followed by another scheduled action to scale back down afterward. This fully automates the recurring scaling with minimal operational overhead. EventBridge reminders and manual scaling require human intervention, while dynamic automatic scaling is intended for demand-based changes rather than a known recurring schedule.
Question 473
A company runs multiple Amazon EC2 Linux instances in a VPC across two Availability Zones. The instances host applications that use a hierarchical directory structure. The applications need to read and write rapidly and concurrently to shared storage.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Allow access from all the EC2 instances in the VPC.
B. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Mount the EFS file system from each EC2 instance.
C. Create a file system on a Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Attach the EBS volume to all the EC2 instances.
D. Create file systems on Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that are attached to each EC2 instance. Synchronize the EBS volumes across the different EC2 instances.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Amazon EFS is a managed shared file system that supports a hierarchical directory structure and concurrent read/write access from multiple Linux EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones using NFS. Amazon S3 is object storage rather than a POSIX file system. EBS volumes are block storage; Multi-Attach is limited to supported volume types within a single Availability Zone, and separate EBS volumes with synchronization do not provide true shared concurrent storage.
Question 474
A company needs to optimize the cost of its Amazon EC2 instances. The company also needs to change the type and family of its EC2 instances every 2-3 months.
What should the company do to meet these requirements?
A. Purchase Partial Upfront Reserved Instances for a 3-year term.
B. Purchase a No Upfront Compute Savings Plan for a 1-year term.
C. Purchase All Upfront Reserved Instances for a 1-year term.
D. Purchase an All Upfront EC2 Instance Savings Plan for a 1-year term.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Compute Savings Plans provide the greatest flexibility, allowing changes across EC2 instance families, sizes, Regions, Availability Zones, operating systems, and tenancy while still receiving discounted pricing. EC2 Instance Savings Plans are limited to a single instance family, and Reserved Instances are more restrictive. A 1-year No Upfront Compute Savings Plan meets the cost optimization requirement while accommodating instance family changes every 2–3 months.
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