An ecommerce application uses a PostgreSQL database that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. During a monthly sales event, database usage increases and causes database connection issues for the application. The traffic is unpredictable for subsequent monthly sales events, which impacts the sales forecast. The company needs to maintain performance when there is an unpredictable increase in traffic.
Which solution resolves this issue in the MOST cost-effective way?
A. Migrate the PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora Serverless v2.
B. Enable auto scaling for the PostgreSQL database on the EC2 instance to accommodate increased usage.
C. Migrate the PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL with a larger instance type.
D. Migrate the PostgreSQL database to Amazon Redshift to accommodate increased usage.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The workload experiences unpredictable, periodic spikes that cause connection and capacity issues. Aurora Serverless v2 automatically and granularly scales compute capacity up and down based on demand and you pay only for what you use, making it the most cost-effective option for unpredictable traffic. Auto scaling is not supported for a self-managed PostgreSQL database on EC2 (B). Moving to a larger fixed RDS instance (C) increases cost during low usage and may still struggle with spikes. Amazon Redshift (D) is a data warehouse for analytics, not a transactional ecommerce database.
Question 426
A company is designing a solution to capture customer activity in different web applications to process analytics and make predictions. Customer activity in the web applications is unpredictable and can increase suddenly. The company requires a solution that integrates with other web applications. The solution must include an authorization step for security purposes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in front of an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) container instance that stores the information that the company receives in an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Authorization is resolved at the GWLB.
B. Configure an Amazon API Gateway endpoint in front of an Amazon Kinesis data stream that stores the information that the company receives in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use an AWS Lambda function to resolve authorization.
C. Configure an Amazon API Gateway endpoint in front of an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose that stores the information that the company receives in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use an API Gateway Lambda authorizer to resolve authorization.
D. Configure a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in front of an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) container instance that stores the information that the company receives on an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Use an AWS Lambda function to resolve authorization.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The solution must handle unpredictable spikes in web activity, integrate easily with web applications, and include an authorization step. Amazon API Gateway is designed for web integration and supports built-in authorization through Lambda authorizers. For unpredictable, high-throughput event ingestion, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose automatically scales and reliably delivers streaming data directly to Amazon S3, which is well suited for downstream analytics and predictions. Gateway Load Balancer and ECS are unnecessary for simple event ingestion, and Kinesis Data Streams does not natively deliver data to S3 without additional consumers. Therefore, option C best meets all requirements.
Question 427
A company runs a container application by using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). The application includes microservices that manage customers and place orders. The company needs to route incoming requests to the appropriate microservices.
Which solution will meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively?
A. Use the AWS Load Balancer Controller to provision a Network Load Balancer.
B. Use the AWS Load Balancer Controller to provision an Application Load Balancer.
C. Use an AWS Lambda function to connect the requests to Amazon EKS.
D. Use Amazon API Gateway to connect the requests to Amazon EKS.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Routing requests to different microservices in Amazon EKS is a Layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS) routing problem. The AWS Load Balancer Controller provisioning an Application Load Balancer (ALB) integrates directly with Kubernetes Ingress resources and supports path- and host-based routing, which is ideal for directing traffic to customer and order microservices. An ALB is more cost-effective and simpler than API Gateway for this use case, as API Gateway adds per-request costs and often still requires a load balancer behind it. A Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and cannot perform application-level routing.
Question 428
A company uses AWS and sells access to copyrighted images. The company’s global customer base needs to be able to access these images quickly. The company must deny access to users from specific countries. The company wants to minimize costs as much as possible.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon S3 to store the images. Turn on multi-factor authentication (MFA) and public bucket access. Provide customers with a link to the S3 bucket.
B. Use Amazon S3 to store the images. Create an IAM user for each customer. Add the users to a group that has permission to access the S3 bucket.
C. Use Amazon EC2 instances that are behind Application Load Balancers (ALBs) to store the images. Deploy the instances only in the countries the company services. Provide customers with links to the ALBs for their specific country's instances.
D. Use Amazon S3 to store the images. Use Amazon CloudFront to distribute the images with geographic restrictions. Provide a signed URL for each customer to access the data in CloudFront.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Amazon S3 provides low-cost durable storage, and Amazon CloudFront caches and delivers content globally with low latency. CloudFront supports geographic restrictions to block specific countries and signed URLs to control access to copyrighted content. This approach meets the access control and performance requirements at minimal cost compared to managing users or EC2 infrastructure.
Question 429
A solutions architect is designing a highly available Amazon ElastiCache for Redis based solution. The solutions architect needs to ensure that failures do not result in performance degradation or loss of data locally and within an AWS Region. The solution needs to provide high availability at the node level and at the Region level.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Multi-AZ Redis replication groups with shards that contain multiple nodes.
B. Use Redis shards that contain multiple nodes with Redis append only files (AOF) turned on.
C. Use a Multi-AZ Redis cluster with more than one read replica in the replication group.
D. Use Redis shards that contain multiple nodes with Auto Scaling turned on.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The requirements are high availability at both the node level and the Regional (Multi-AZ) level with no data loss or performance degradation. A Multi-AZ Redis replication group with shards that contain multiple nodes provides this: multiple nodes per shard ensure node-level availability with automatic failover, and Multi-AZ replication groups ensure availability across Availability Zones within a Region. Options B and D do not provide Regional HA, and C is less precise because Multi-AZ alone requires multiple nodes per shard, which is explicitly and correctly described in option A.
Question 430
A company plans to migrate to AWS and use Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances for its application. During the migration testing phase, a technical team observes that the application takes a long time to launch and load memory to become fully productive.
Which solution will reduce the launch time of the application during the next testing phase?
A. Launch two or more EC2 On-Demand Instances. Turn on auto scaling features and make the EC2 On-Demand Instances available during the next testing phase.
B. Launch EC2 Spot Instances to support the application and to scale the application so it is available during the next testing phase.
C. Launch the EC2 On-Demand Instances with hibernation turned on. Configure EC2 Auto Scaling warm pools during the next testing phase.
D. Launch EC2 On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Start additional EC2 instances during the next testing phase.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The problem is slow application startup due to long initialization and memory loading. EC2 hibernation preserves the in-memory state so instances can resume much faster than a fresh launch. EC2 Auto Scaling warm pools keep pre-initialized (including hibernated or stopped) instances ready to serve traffic, significantly reducing launch and scale-out time. The other options do not address application bootstrap and memory warm-up time.
Question 431
A company's applications run on Amazon EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups. The company notices that its applications experience sudden traffic increases on random days of the week. The company wants to maintain application performance during sudden traffic increases.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Use manual scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
B. Use predictive scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
C. Use dynamic scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
D. Use schedule scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The traffic spikes are sudden and occur on random days, making them unpredictable. Dynamic scaling automatically adjusts the Auto Scaling group size based on real-time metrics (such as CPU utilization or request count), maintaining performance while scaling only when needed. Manual and scheduled scaling require prior knowledge of traffic patterns, and predictive scaling relies on recurring, forecastable patterns, which are not present here.
Question 432
A research company uses on-premises devices to generate data for analysis. The company wants to use the AWS Cloud to analyze the data. The devices generate .csv files and support writing the data to an SMB file share. Company analysts must be able to use SQL commands to query the data. The analysts will run queries periodically throughout the day.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose three.)
A. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway on premises in Amazon S3 File Gateway mode.
B. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway on premises in Amazon FSx File Gateway made.
C. Set up an AWS Glue crawler to create a table based on the data that is in Amazon S3.
D. Set up an Amazon EMR cluster with EMR File System (EMRFS) to query the data that is in Amazon S3. Provide access to analysts.
E. Set up an Amazon Redshift cluster to query the data that is in Amazon S3. Provide access to analysts.
F. Setup Amazon Athena to query the data that is in Amazon S3. Provide access to analysts.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A, C, F
Explanation: The devices write .csv files over SMB, so deploying AWS Storage Gateway in Amazon S3 File Gateway mode provides an SMB file share that stores data cost-effectively in Amazon S3. To query data in S3 with SQL without managing infrastructure, Amazon Athena is the most cost-effective choice for periodic queries. An AWS Glue crawler can catalog the CSV data in S3 and create tables in the Glue Data Catalog, enabling Athena to query the data easily. FSx File Gateway stores data in FSx, not S3, and EMR or Redshift would add unnecessary cost and management overhead.
Question 433
A company wants to use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters and Amazon RDS DB instances to build and run a payment processing application. The company will run the application in its on-premises data center for compliance purposes.
A solutions architect wants to use AWS Outposts as part of the solution. The solutions architect is working with the company's operational team to build the application.
Which activities are the responsibility of the company's operational team? (Choose three.)
A. Providing resilient power and network connectivity to the Outposts racks
B. Managing the virtualization hypervisor, storage systems, and the AWS services that run on Outposts
C. Physical security and access controls of the data center environment
D. Availability of the Outposts infrastructure including the power supplies, servers, and networking equipment within the Outposts racks
E. Physical maintenance of Outposts components
F. Providing extra capacity for Amazon ECS clusters to mitigate server failures and maintenance events
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A, C, F
Explanation: Under the AWS Outposts shared responsibility model, the customer is responsible for the on‑premises facility and capacity planning. The company must provide resilient power and network connectivity to the Outposts racks (A) and ensure physical security and access controls for its data center environment (C). Because Outposts capacity is finite, the customer must plan and provide extra capacity to handle failures and maintenance events for services such as Amazon ECS (F). AWS, not the customer, manages the Outposts hardware, infrastructure availability, virtualization layer, and physical maintenance.
Question 434
A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer that has sticky sessions enabled. The web server currently hosts the user session state. The company wants to ensure high availability and avoid user session state loss in the event of a web server outage.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use an Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached instance to store the session data. Update the application to use ElastiCache for Memcached to store the session state.
B. Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to store the session state. Update the application to use ElastiCache for Redis to store the session state.
C. Use an AWS Storage Gateway cached volume to store session data. Update the application to use AWS Storage Gateway cached volume to store the session state.
D. Use Amazon RDS to store the session state. Update the application to use Amazon RDS to store the session state.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The requirement is to externalize session state to a highly available service so sessions survive EC2 instance failures. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis is designed for session storage, provides very low latency, supports replication and Multi-AZ failover, and can persist data. Memcached does not provide native high availability or persistence, Storage Gateway is not suitable for low-latency session data, and RDS introduces unnecessary latency and overhead for session storage. Therefore, using ElastiCache for Redis meets the high availability and session durability requirements.
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