A company has deployed a multiplayer game for mobile devices. The game requires live location tracking of players based on latitude and longitude. The data store for the game must support rapid updates and retrieval of locations.
The game uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance with read replicas to store the location data. During peak usage periods, the database is unable to maintain the performance that is needed for reading and writing updates. The game's user base is increasing rapidly.
What should a solutions architect do to improve the performance of the data tier?
A. Take a snapshot of the existing DB instance. Restore the snapshot with Multi-AZ enabled.
B. Migrate from Amazon RDS to Amazon OpenSearch Service with OpenSearch Dashboards.
C. Deploy Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) in front of the existing DB instance. Modify the game to use DAX.
D. Deploy an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster in front of the existing DB instance. Modify the game to use Redis.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Amazon DAX is a caching accelerator designed exclusively for DynamoDB and cannot be placed in front of an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. Multi-AZ improves availability, not performance. OpenSearch is not an appropriate primary data store for rapidly updated transactional location data. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis is well suited for low-latency, high-throughput location lookups and updates, including geospatial use cases, reducing load on the RDS database.
Question 298
A company maintains about 300 TB in Amazon S3 Standard storage month after month. The S3 objects are each typically around 50 GB in size and are frequently replaced with multipart uploads by their global application. The number and size of S3 objects remain constant, but the company's S3 storage costs are increasing each month.
How should a solutions architect reduce costs in this situation?
A. Switch from multipart uploads to Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration.
B. Enable an S3 Lifecycle policy that deletes incomplete multipart uploads.
C. Configure S3 inventory to prevent objects from being archived too quickly.
D. Configure Amazon CloudFront to reduce the number of objects stored in Amazon S3.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Incomplete multipart upload parts are billed as storage until they are completed or aborted. If large objects are frequently replaced using multipart uploads, abandoned or failed multipart uploads can accumulate and increase storage costs even though the visible object count and total object size remain constant. An S3 Lifecycle rule to automatically abort/delete incomplete multipart uploads reduces these unnecessary storage charges.
Question 299
A company runs container applications by using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) and the Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler. The workload is not consistent throughout the day. A solutions architect notices that the number of nodes does not automatically scale out when the existing nodes have reached maximum capacity in the cluster, which causes performance issues.
Which solution will resolve this issue with the LEAST administrative overhead?
A. Scale out the nodes by tracking the memory usage.
B. Use the Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler to manage the number of nodes in the cluster.
C. Use an AWS Lambda function to resize the EKS cluster automatically.
D. Use an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to distribute the workload.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) scales pods, not worker nodes. When pods cannot be scheduled because existing nodes are at capacity, the Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler automatically adds or removes worker nodes by interacting with the underlying Auto Scaling groups. This provides the required node scaling with the least administrative overhead. Tracking memory alone does not solve node provisioning, a Lambda-based solution adds unnecessary management, and an EC2 Auto Scaling group by itself does not integrate with Kubernetes scheduling decisions to add nodes when pods are pending.
Question 300
A company has applications that run on Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances connect to Amazon RDS databases by using an IAM role that has associated policies. The company wants to use AWS Systems Manager to patch the EC2 instances without disrupting the running applications.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a new IAM role. Attach the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore policy to the new IAM role. Attach the new IAM role to the EC2 instances and the existing IAM role.
B. Create an IAM user. Attach the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore policy to the IAM user. Configure Systems Manager to use the IAM user to manage the EC2 instances.
C. Enable Default Host Configuration Management in Systems Manager to manage the EC2 instances.
D. Remove the existing policies from the existing IAM role. Add the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore policy to the existing IAM role.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Default Host Management Configuration allows Systems Manager to manage EC2 instances without modifying or replacing the existing instance profile used by the applications. It creates and applies the necessary Systems Manager permissions automatically. Option A is invalid because an EC2 instance can have only one IAM instance profile attached at a time. Option B is incorrect because Systems Manager manages instances through IAM roles/instance profiles, not IAM users. Option D removes the application's existing permissions, which would disrupt access to Amazon RDS instead of preserving it.
Question 301
A company has an AWS Direct Connect connection from its on-premises location to an AWS account. The AWS account has 30 different VPCs in the same AWS Region. The VPCs use private virtual interfaces (VIFs). Each VPC has a CIDR block that does not overlap with other networks under the company's control.
The company wants to centrally manage the networking architecture while still allowing each VPC to communicate with all other VPCs and on-premises networks.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
A. Create a transit gateway, and associate the Direct Connect connection with a new transit VIF. Turn on the transit gateway's route propagation feature.
B. Create a Direct Connect gateway. Recreate the private VIFs to use the new gateway. Associate each VPC by creating new virtual private gateways.
C. Create a transit VPConnect the Direct Connect connection to the transit VPCreate a peering connection between all other VPCs in the Region. Update the route tables.
D. Create AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections from on premises to each VPC. Ensure that both VPN tunnels are UP for each connection. Turn on the route propagation feature.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A transit gateway provides centralized hub-and-spoke connectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. With Direct Connect using a transit virtual interface (via the required Direct Connect gateway association), the transit gateway can connect all VPCs and on-premises with scalable route propagation and far less operational overhead than maintaining many private VIFs, VPC peerings, or VPNs.
Question 302
A company wants to rearchitect a large-scale web application to a serverless microservices architecture. The application uses Amazon EC2 instances and is written in Python.
The company selected one component of the web application to test as a microservice. The component supports hundreds of requests each second. The company wants to create and test the microservice on an AWS solution that supports Python. The solution must also scale automatically and require minimal infrastructure and minimal operational support.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use a Spot Fleet with auto scaling of EC2 instances that run the most recent Amazon Linux operating system.
B. Use an AWS Elastic Beanstalk web server environment that has high availability configured.
C. Use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Launch Auto Scaling groups of self-managed EC2 instances.
D. Use an AWS Lambda function that runs custom developed code.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: AWS Lambda is the serverless compute service that natively supports Python, automatically scales to handle hundreds of requests per second, and requires minimal infrastructure management and operational overhead. The other options all require managing EC2 instances or clusters, which do not meet the serverless and minimal-operations requirements.
Question 303
A manufacturing company runs its report generation application on AWS. The application generates each report in about 20 minutes. The application is built as a monolith that runs on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The application requires frequent updates to its tightly coupled modules. The application becomes complex to maintain as the company adds new features.
Each time the company patches a software module, the application experiences downtime. Report generation must restart from the beginning after any interruptions. The company wants to redesign the application so that the application can be flexible, scalable, and gradually improved. The company wants to minimize application downtime.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Run the application on AWS Lambda as a single function with maximum provisioned concurrency.
B. Run the application on Amazon EC2 Spot Instances as microservices with a Spot Fleet default allocation strategy.
C. Run the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) as microservices with service auto scaling.
D. Run the application on AWS Elastic Beanstalk as a single application environment with an all-at-once deployment strategy.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Running the application as microservices on Amazon ECS with service auto scaling decouples tightly coupled modules, allowing independent updates and deployments with minimal downtime. ECS supports rolling deployments and scaling, improving maintainability and availability. Lambda is not suitable as a single monolithic function for 20-minute jobs and modularity. EC2 Spot Instances risk interruptions and are not appropriate for minimizing downtime of long-running report generation. Elastic Beanstalk with an all-at-once deployment strategy still deploys a monolith and causes downtime.
Question 304
A company is migrating a large amount of data from on-premises storage to AWS. Windows, Mac, and Linux based Amazon EC2 instances in the same AWS Region will access the data by using SMB and NFS storage protocols. The company will access a portion of the data routinely. The company will access the remaining data infrequently.
The company needs to design a solution to host the data.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volume that uses EFS Intelligent-Tiering. Use AWS DataSync to migrate the data to the EFS volume.
B. Create an Amazon FSx for ONTAP instance. Create an FSx for ONTAP file system with a root volume that uses the auto tiering policy. Migrate the data to the FSx for ONTAP volume.
C. Create an Amazon S3 bucket that uses S3 Intelligent-Tiering. Migrate the data to the S3 bucket by using an AWS Storage Gateway Amazon S3 File Gateway.
D. Create an Amazon FSx for OpenZFS file system. Migrate the data to the new volume.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP natively supports both SMB and NFS, allowing Windows, macOS, and Linux EC2 instances in the same AWS Region to access the same data. Its automatic tiering policy moves cold data to lower-cost capacity storage while keeping frequently accessed data on SSDs, satisfying the mixed access pattern with minimal operational overhead. Amazon EFS does not provide SMB access, FSx for OpenZFS does not provide SMB, and S3 File Gateway is intended primarily for on-premises file access to S3 rather than as the shared file service for EC2 instances in AWS.
Question 305
A company’s applications use Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark to process data on premises. The existing infrastructure is not scalable and is complex to manage.
A solutions architect must design a scalable solution that reduces operational complexity. The solution must keep the data processing on premises.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN to access the on-premises Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) data and application. Use an Amazon EMR cluster to process the data.
B. Use AWS DataSync to connect to the on-premises Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) cluster. Create an Amazon EMR cluster to process the data.
C. Migrate the Apache Hadoop application and the Apache Spark application to Amazon EMR clusters on AWS Outposts. Use the EMR clusters to process the data.
D. Use an AWS Snowball device to migrate the data to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon EMR cluster to process the data.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The requirement is to keep data processing on premises while reducing operational complexity and improving scalability. Amazon EMR on AWS Outposts allows Hadoop and Spark workloads to run on managed EMR infrastructure that is physically located in the customer's on-premises environment. Options A, B, and D all rely on running EMR in the AWS Region, which does not keep the data processing on premises.
Question 306
A company wants to migrate an on-premises legacy application to AWS. The application ingests customer order files from an on-premises enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. The application then uploads the files to an SFTP server. The application uses a scheduled job that checks for order files every hour.
The company already has an AWS account that has connectivity to the on-premises network. The new application on AWS must support integration with the existing ERP system. The new application must be secure and resilient and must use the SFTP protocol to process orders from the ERP system immediately.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an AWS Transfer Family SFTP internet-facing server in two Availability Zones. Use Amazon S3 storage. Create an AWS Lambda function to process order files. Use S3 Event Notifications to send s3:ObjectCreated:* events to the Lambda function.
B. Create an AWS Transfer Family SFTP internet-facing server in one Availability Zone. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) storage. Create an AWS Lambda function to process order files. Use a Transfer Family managed workflow to invoke the Lambda function.
C. Create an AWS Transfer Family SFTP internal server in two Availability Zones. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) storage. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to process order files. Use Amazon EventBridge Scheduler to invoke the state machine to periodically check Amazon EFS for order files.
D. Create an AWS Transfer Family SFTP internal server in two Availability Zones. Use Amazon S3 storage. Create an AWS Lambda function to process order files. Use a Transfer Family managed workflow to invoke the Lambda function.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The company already has private connectivity between its on-premises environment and AWS, so an internal AWS Transfer Family SFTP endpoint is appropriate and more secure than an internet-facing endpoint. The requirement is to process files immediately after transfer, making a Transfer Family managed workflow that directly invokes a Lambda function a better fit than scheduled polling or relying on S3 event notifications. Using S3 as the backend provides durable, resilient storage, while deploying the Transfer Family server across two Availability Zones meets the resilience requirement.
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