A company wants to direct its users to a backup static error page if the company's primary website is unavailable. The primary website's DNS records are hosted in Amazon Route 53. The domain is pointing to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company needs a solution that minimizes changes and infrastructure overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Update the Route 53 records to use a latency routing policy. Add a static error page that is hosted in an Amazon S3 bucket to the records so that the traffic is sent to the most responsive endpoints.
B. Set up a Route 53 active-passive failover configuration. Direct traffic to a static error page that is hosted in an Amazon S3 bucket when Route 53 health checks determine that the ALB endpoint is unhealthy.
C. Set up a Route 53 active-active configuration with the ALB and an Amazon EC2 instance that hosts a static error page as endpoints. Configure Route 53 to send requests to the instance only if the health checks fail for the ALB.
D. Update the Route 53 records to use a multivalue answer routing policy. Create a health check. Direct traffic to the website if the health check passes. Direct traffic to a static error page that is hosted in Amazon S3 if the health check does not pass.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Route 53 active-passive failover with health checks allows the ALB to be the primary endpoint and an S3 static website to be the secondary endpoint. When the ALB becomes unhealthy, Route 53 automatically redirects traffic to the static error page. This approach requires minimal changes, adds little infrastructure overhead, and is the standard AWS-recommended way to implement DNS-level failover.
Question 466
A company deploys its applications on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) behind an Application Load Balancer in an AWS Region. The application needs to store data in a PostgreSQL database engine. The company wants the data in the database to be highly available. The company also needs increased capacity for read workloads.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?
A. Create an Amazon DynamoDB database table configured with global tables.
B. Create an Amazon RDS database with Multi-AZ deployments.
C. Create an Amazon RDS database with Multi-AZ DB cluster deployment.
D. Create an Amazon RDS database configured with cross-Region read replicas.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The application requires a PostgreSQL database with high availability and increased read capacity, with the most operational efficiency. Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB cluster deployments for PostgreSQL provide built-in high availability with automatic failover and include multiple readable standby instances, which can serve read traffic. This meets both HA and read-scaling requirements natively, without the additional complexity of cross-Region replication or application changes. Other options either do not use PostgreSQL, do not increase read capacity sufficiently, or add unnecessary operational overhead.
Question 467
A company runs a stateful production application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application requires at least two EC2 instances to always be running.
A solutions architect needs to design a highly available and fault-tolerant architecture for the application. The solutions architect creates an Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances.
Which set of additional steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?
A. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to two. Deploy one On-Demand Instance in one Availability Zone and one On-Demand Instance in a second Availability Zone.
B. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to four. Deploy two On-Demand Instances in one Availability Zone and two On-Demand Instances in a second Availability Zone.
C. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to two. Deploy four Spot Instances in one Availability Zone.
D. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum capacity to four. Deploy two On-Demand Instances in one Availability Zone and two Spot Instances in a second Availability Zone.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The application is stateful and must always have at least two instances running, even during failures. For high availability and fault tolerance across Availability Zones, the architecture must tolerate the loss of an entire AZ without dropping below two running instances. Setting the Auto Scaling group minimum capacity to four and distributing two On-Demand instances per AZ ensures that if one AZ fails, the remaining AZ still has two healthy instances. On-Demand instances are required because Spot Instances are not suitable for stateful, fault-intolerant workloads.
Question 468
A company wants to use an event-driven programming model with AWS Lambda. The company wants to reduce startup latency for Lambda functions that run on Java 11. The company does not have strict latency requirements for the applications. The company wants to reduce cold starts and outlier latencies when a function scales up.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Configure Lambda provisioned concurrency.
B. Increase the timeout of the Lambda functions.
C. Increase the memory of the Lambda functions.
D. Configure Lambda SnapStart.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: AWS Lambda SnapStart is specifically designed to reduce Java (Java 11) Lambda cold start latency by snapshotting the initialized execution environment and reusing it during scale-out. It significantly reduces cold starts and outlier latencies at no additional cost. Provisioned concurrency would also reduce cold starts but incurs ongoing charges and is better suited for strict latency requirements. Increasing timeout or memory does not directly address startup latency. Therefore, SnapStart is the most cost-effective solution.
Question 469
A company runs an application that uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The application receives traffic only on weekdays during business hours. The company wants to optimize costs and reduce operational overhead based on this usage.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use the Instance Scheduler on AWS to configure start and stop schedules.
B. Turn off automatic backups. Create weekly manual snapshots of the database.
C. Create a custom AWS Lambda function to start and stop the database based on minimum CPU utilization.
D. Purchase All Upfront reserved DB instances.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The application is only needed during predictable business hours, so the most cost‑effective and low‑overhead approach is to automatically stop the RDS instance when it is not in use and start it when needed. Instance Scheduler on AWS is a managed, purpose‑built solution that supports Amazon RDS and allows defining weekday and business‑hour schedules with minimal operational effort.
Turning off backups increases risk and does not significantly optimize costs. A custom Lambda based on CPU utilization adds unnecessary complexity and is not reliable for schedule‑based usage. Reserved DB instances still incur charges 24/7 and do not align with intermittent usage. Therefore, using Instance Scheduler best meets both cost optimization and operational overhead requirements.
Question 470
A company is building a RESTful serverless web application on AWS by using Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The users of this web application will be geographically distributed, and the company wants to reduce the latency of API requests to these users.
Which type of endpoint should a solutions architect use to meet these requirements?
A. Private endpoint
B. Regional endpoint
C. Interface VPC endpoint
D. Edge-optimized endpoint
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: For geographically distributed users, an edge-optimized API Gateway endpoint reduces latency by routing requests through the nearest Amazon CloudFront edge location (Point of Presence). This is specifically designed to improve performance for global clients, whereas regional endpoints are best for same-region clients and private/interface endpoints are for VPC-only access.
Question 471
A company is creating a REST API. The company has strict requirements for the use of TLS. The company requires TLSv1.3 on the API endpoints. The company also requires a specific public third-party certificate authority (CA) to sign the TLS certificate.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use a local machine to create a certificate that is signed by the third-party CImport the certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Create an HTTP API in Amazon API Gateway with a custom domain. Configure the custom domain to use the certificate.
B. Create a certificate in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) that is signed by the third-party CA. Create an HTTP API in Amazon API Gateway with a custom domain. Configure the custom domain to use the certificate.
C. Use AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to create a certificate that is signed by the third-party CA. Import the certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Create an AWS Lambda function with a Lambda function URL. Configure the Lambda function URL to use the certificate.
D. Create a certificate in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) that is signed by the third-party CA. Create an AWS Lambda function with a Lambda function URL. Configure the Lambda function URL to use the certificate.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The requirement is to use TLS 1.3 and a certificate signed by a specific public third-party CA. AWS Certificate Manager cannot issue (create) certificates that are signed by an external public CA; it can only issue certificates from Amazon’s own CA or import certificates that were issued elsewhere. Therefore, the correct approach is to obtain the certificate from the required third-party CA outside AWS, import that certificate into ACM, and then configure Amazon API Gateway with a custom domain to use the imported certificate. API Gateway custom domains support TLS 1.3, so this fully meets the requirements.
Question 472
A company has a large workload that runs every Friday evening. The workload runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are in two Availability Zones in the us-east-1 Region. Normally, the company must run no more than two instances at all times. However, the company wants to scale up to six instances each Friday to handle a regularly repeating increased workload.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create a reminder in Amazon EventBridge to scale the instances.
B. Create an Auto Scaling group that has a scheduled action.
C. Create an Auto Scaling group that uses manual scaling.
D. Create an Auto Scaling group that uses automatic scaling.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The workload increase is predictable and occurs every Friday evening. An Auto Scaling group with a scheduled action can automatically scale from the normal two instances up to six at the specified time and scale back down afterward, with no manual intervention. This meets the requirement with the least operational overhead compared to reminders, manual scaling, or reactive automatic scaling.
Question 473
A company runs multiple Amazon EC2 Linux instances in a VPC across two Availability Zones. The instances host applications that use a hierarchical directory structure. The applications need to read and write rapidly and concurrently to shared storage.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Allow access from all the EC2 instances in the VPC.
B. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Mount the EFS file system from each EC2 instance.
C. Create a file system on a Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Attach the EBS volume to all the EC2 instances.
D. Create file systems on Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that are attached to each EC2 instance. Synchronize the EBS volumes across the different EC2 instances.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The applications require a shared file system with a hierarchical directory structure that supports rapid, concurrent read and write access from multiple Linux EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones. Amazon EFS is a managed NFS file system designed for this exact use case: it provides POSIX-compliant file semantics, concurrent access from many instances, and multi-AZ availability. Amazon S3 is object storage without file system semantics, and Amazon EBS volumes cannot be shared across AZs or safely synchronized for concurrent access.
Question 474
A company needs to optimize the cost of its Amazon EC2 instances. The company also needs to change the type and family of its EC2 instances every 2-3 months.
What should the company do to meet these requirements?
A. Purchase Partial Upfront Reserved Instances for a 3-year term.
B. Purchase a No Upfront Compute Savings Plan for a 1-year term.
C. Purchase All Upfront Reserved Instances for a 1-year term.
D. Purchase an All Upfront EC2 Instance Savings Plan for a 1-year term.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The company needs frequent flexibility to change both EC2 instance type and family every 2–3 months while still reducing cost. Reserved Instances lock you into a specific instance family and type, making options A and C unsuitable. An EC2 Instance Savings Plan also restricts you to a single instance family, so option D does not meet the requirement. A Compute Savings Plan applies across instance families, sizes, regions, and even compute services, providing the needed flexibility. Choosing a 1-year term with no upfront payment balances cost optimization with frequent change requirements. Therefore, option B is correct.
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