A company has a web application that runs on premises. The application experiences latency issues during peak hours. The latency issues occur twice each month. At the start of a latency issue, the application's CPU utilization immediately increases to 10 times its normal amount.
The company wants to migrate the application to AWS to improve latency. The company also wants to scale the application automatically when application demand increases. The company will use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for application deployment.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure an Elastic Beanstalk environment to use burstable performance instances in unlimited mode. Configure the environment to scale based on requests.
B. Configure an Elastic Beanstalk environment to use compute optimized instances. Configure the environment to scale based on requests.
C. Configure an Elastic Beanstalk environment to use compute optimized instances. Configure the environment to scale on a schedule.
D. Configure an Elastic Beanstalk environment to use burstable performance instances in unlimited mode. Configure the environment to scale on predictive metrics.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Burstable performance instances in unlimited mode can absorb sudden CPU spikes immediately while Auto Scaling based on requests adds capacity as demand increases. Scheduled scaling does not satisfy automatic scaling based on changing demand, and predictive scaling is not an Elastic Beanstalk environment scaling option. Compute-optimized instances alone do not specifically address sudden burst behavior as well as burstable instances for this scenario.
Question 366
A company is developing a new application on AWS. The application consists of an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster, an Amazon S3 bucket that contains assets for the application, and an Amazon RDS for MySQL database that contains the dataset for the application. The dataset contains sensitive information. The company wants to ensure that only the ECS cluster can access the data in the RDS for MySQL database and the data in the S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a new AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key to encrypt both the S3 bucket and the RDS for MySQL database. Ensure that the KMS key policy includes encrypt and decrypt permissions for the ECS task execution role.
B. Create an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed key to encrypt both the S3 bucket and the RDS for MySQL database. Ensure that the S3 bucket policy specifies the ECS task execution role as a user.
C. Create an S3 bucket policy that restricts bucket access to the ECS task execution role. Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon RDS for MySQL. Update the RDS for MySQL security group to allow access from only the subnets that the ECS cluster will generate tasks in.
D. Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon RDS for MySQL. Update the RDS for MySQL security group to allow access from only the subnets that the ECS cluster will generate tasks in. Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. Update the S3 bucket policy to allow access from only the S3 VPC endpoint.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Among the provided choices, C is the closest to meeting the stated goal. The S3 bucket policy can restrict access to the ECS task role, and limiting database connectivity with the RDS security group to the ECS task subnets is the intended network control. Options A and B focus on KMS encryption, which protects data at rest but does not enforce who can access the S3 bucket or database. D improves S3 access via a VPC endpoint but still relies on subnet-level controls for RDS and does not identify the ECS role for S3 access. Note that the mention of a VPC endpoint for Amazon RDS data access is technically inaccurate in the question, since RDS database connections are normally controlled with security groups rather than an RDS VPC endpoint.
Question 367
A company uses an on-premises network-attached storage (NAS) system to provide file shares to its high performance computing (HPC) workloads. The company wants to migrate its latency-sensitive HPC workloads and its storage to the AWS Cloud. The company must be able to provide NFS and SMB multi-protocol access from the file system.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST latency? (Choose two.)
A. Deploy compute optimized EC2 instances into a cluster placement group.
B. Deploy compute optimized EC2 instances into a partition placement group.
C. Attach the EC2 instances to an Amazon FSx for Lustre file system.
D. Attach the EC2 instances to an Amazon FSx for OpenZFS file system.
E. Attach the EC2 instances to an Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP file system.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A, E
Explanation: Latency-sensitive HPC workloads benefit from a cluster placement group, which provides the lowest network latency and highest bandwidth between EC2 instances. For storage, the requirement is shared file storage with concurrent NFS and SMB multi-protocol access. Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP supports both NFS and SMB with true multiprotocol access. FSx for Lustre does not provide NFS/SMB multiprotocol access, OpenZFS supports NFS but not SMB multiprotocol, and partition placement groups are designed for fault isolation rather than the lowest latency.
Question 368
A company has a large data workload that runs for 6 hours each day. The company cannot lose any data while the process is running. A solutions architect is designing an Amazon EMR cluster configuration to support this critical data workload.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Configure a long-running cluster that runs the primary node and core nodes on On-Demand Instances and the task nodes on Spot Instances.
B. Configure a transient cluster that runs the primary node and core nodes on On-Demand Instances and the task nodes on Spot Instances.
C. Configure a transient cluster that runs the primary node on an On-Demand Instance and the core nodes and task nodes on Spot Instances.
D. Configure a long-running cluster that runs the primary node on an On-Demand Instance, the core nodes on Spot Instances, and the task nodes on Spot Instances.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A transient EMR cluster is the most cost-effective choice for a workload that runs only 6 hours per day because it is created for the job and terminates afterward. To prevent data loss, the primary and core nodes should use On-Demand Instances, since core nodes store HDFS data and Spot interruptions can cause data loss. Task nodes do not store HDFS data, so they can safely use Spot Instances for cost savings.
Question 369
A company wants to migrate its on-premises Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise edition database to AWS. The company's online application uses the database to process transactions. The data analysis team uses the same production database to run reports for analytical processing. The company wants to reduce operational overhead by moving to managed services wherever possible.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Migrate to Amazon RDS for Microsoft SOL Server. Use read replicas for reporting purposes
B. Migrate to Microsoft SQL Server on Amazon EC2. Use Always On read replicas for reporting purposes
C. Migrate to Amazon DynamoDB. Use DynamoDB on-demand replicas for reporting purposes
D. Migrate to Amazon Aurora MySQL. Use Aurora read replicas for reporting purposes
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server is a managed relational database service that minimizes operational overhead compared with self-managed SQL Server on EC2. It supports read replicas for Microsoft SQL Server (where supported) that can offload read/reporting workloads from the primary transactional database. Running SQL Server on EC2 requires managing the OS, SQL Server, patching, backups, and HA. DynamoDB is not a compatible replacement for a SQL Server transactional application, and migrating to Aurora MySQL requires a database engine conversion with potential compatibility changes, increasing migration complexity and not meeting the desire for least operational overhead.
Question 370
An ecommerce company runs a PostgreSQL database on premises. The database stores data by using high IOPS Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) block storage. The daily peak I/O transactions per second do not exceed 15,000 IOPS. The company wants to migrate the database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL and provision disk IOPS performance independent of disk storage capacity.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Configure the General Purpose SSD (gp2) EBS volume storage type and provision 15,000 IOPS.
B. Configure the Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1) EBS volume storage type and provision 15,000 IOPS.
C. Configure the General Purpose SSD (gp3) EBS volume storage type and provision 15,000 IOPS.
D. Configure the EBS magnetic volume type to achieve maximum IOPS.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL supports gp3 storage, which allows provisioning IOPS independently of storage capacity. gp3 supports up to 16,000 IOPS for RDS and is more cost-effective than io1 for a 15,000 IOPS requirement. gp2 ties performance to allocated storage size, so it does not meet the independence requirement. Magnetic volumes cannot provide the required performance.
Question 371
A weather forecasting company needs to process hundreds of gigabytes of data with sub-millisecond latency. The company has a high performance computing (HPC) environment in its data center and wants to expand its forecasting capabilities.
A solutions architect must identify a highly available cloud storage solution that can handle large amounts of sustained throughput. Files that are stored in the solution should be accessible to thousands of compute instances that will simultaneously access and process the entire dataset.
What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon FSx for Lustre scratch file systems.
B. Use Amazon FSx for Lustre persistent file systems.
C. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) with Bursting Throughput mode.
D. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) with Provisioned Throughput mode.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Amazon FSx for Lustre is purpose-built for HPC workloads, delivering sub-millisecond latency, very high sustained throughput, and concurrent access from thousands of compute instances. A persistent FSx for Lustre file system provides durable storage appropriate for ongoing forecasting datasets, whereas scratch file systems are intended for temporary, nonpersistent data. Amazon EFS, even with Provisioned Throughput, is not the best fit for this level of HPC performance.
Question 372
A solutions architect needs to host a high performance computing (HPC) workload in the AWS Cloud. The workload will run on hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances and will require parallel access to a shared file system to enable distributed processing of large datasets. Datasets will be accessed across multiple instances simultaneously. The workload requires access latency within 1 ms. After processing has completed, engineers will need access to the dataset for manual postprocessing.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) as a shared file system. Access the dataset from Amazon EFS.
B. Mount an Amazon S3 bucket to serve as the shared file system. Perform postprocessing directly from the S3 bucket.
C. Use Amazon FSx for Lustre as a shared file system. Link the file system to an Amazon S3 bucket for postprocessing.
D. Configure AWS Resource Access Manager to share an Amazon S3 bucket so that it can be mounted to all instances for processing and postprocessing.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Amazon FSx for Lustre is purpose-built for high performance computing workloads, providing a shared parallel file system with sub-millisecond latency and high throughput across hundreds of EC2 instances. It integrates with Amazon S3, allowing datasets to be imported from and exported to S3 so engineers can access the processed data afterward for manual postprocessing.
Question 373
A company is required to use cryptographic keys in its on-premises key manager. The key manager is outside of the AWS Cloud because of regulatory and compliance requirements. The company wants to manage encryption and decryption by using cryptographic keys that are retained outside of the AWS Cloud and that support a variety of external key managers from different vendors.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use AWS CloudHSM key store backed by a CloudHSM cluster.
B. Use an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) external key store backed by an external key manager.
C. Use the default AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) managed key store.
D. Use a custom key store backed by an AWS CloudHSM cluster.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An AWS KMS external key store (XKS) is designed for organizations that must keep cryptographic keys in an external key manager outside AWS while still using AWS KMS APIs. It supports external key managers from different vendors and satisfies regulatory requirements to retain keys on premises or outside AWS. CloudHSM-based options (A and D) keep key material in AWS, and the default KMS managed key store (C) also stores keys within AWS-managed infrastructure.
Question 374
An international company has a subdomain for each country that the company operates in. The subdomains are formatted as example.com, country1.example.com, and country2.example.com. The company's workloads are behind an Application Load Balancer. The company wants to encrypt the website data that is in transit.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Use the AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) console to request a public certificate for the apex top domain example com and a wildcard certificate for *.example.com.
B. Use the AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) console to request a private certificate for the apex top domain example.com and a wildcard certificate for *.example.com.
C. Use the AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) console to request a public and private certificate for the apex top domain example.com.
D. Validate domain ownership by email address. Switch to DNS validation by adding the required DNS records to the DNS provider.
E. Validate domain ownership for the domain by adding the required DNS records to the DNS provider.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A, E
Explanation: Use ACM public certificates for internet-facing websites behind an Application Load Balancer. Request one public certificate for the apex domain (example.com) and a wildcard public certificate (*.example.com) to cover the country subdomains. ACM public certificates require proof of domain ownership; DNS validation by adding the required DNS records to the domain's DNS provider is the standard validation method. Private ACM certificates are for internal PKI use and are not appropriate for public websites.
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