An ecommerce application uses a PostgreSQL database that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. During a monthly sales event, database usage increases and causes database connection issues for the application. The traffic is unpredictable for subsequent monthly sales events, which impacts the sales forecast. The company needs to maintain performance when there is an unpredictable increase in traffic.
Which solution resolves this issue in the MOST cost-effective way?
A. Migrate the PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora Serverless v2.
B. Enable auto scaling for the PostgreSQL database on the EC2 instance to accommodate increased usage.
C. Migrate the PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL with a larger instance type.
D. Migrate the PostgreSQL database to Amazon Redshift to accommodate increased usage.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Aurora Serverless v2 automatically scales database capacity up and down based on demand, making it well suited for unpredictable traffic spikes while avoiding the ongoing cost of permanently oversized instances. A self-managed PostgreSQL database on EC2 does not support database autoscaling as described, a larger fixed RDS instance may still be insufficient or unnecessarily expensive during normal periods, and Amazon Redshift is a data warehouse rather than a transactional OLTP database.
Question 426
A company is designing a solution to capture customer activity in different web applications to process analytics and make predictions. Customer activity in the web applications is unpredictable and can increase suddenly. The company requires a solution that integrates with other web applications. The solution must include an authorization step for security purposes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in front of an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) container instance that stores the information that the company receives in an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Authorization is resolved at the GWLB.
B. Configure an Amazon API Gateway endpoint in front of an Amazon Kinesis data stream that stores the information that the company receives in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use an AWS Lambda function to resolve authorization.
C. Configure an Amazon API Gateway endpoint in front of an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose that stores the information that the company receives in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use an API Gateway Lambda authorizer to resolve authorization.
D. Configure a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in front of an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) container instance that stores the information that the company receives on an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Use an AWS Lambda function to resolve authorization.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: API Gateway is the appropriate front end for web application integration and supports Lambda authorizers for authorization. Kinesis Data Firehose is designed to ingest streaming data and deliver it directly to Amazon S3, automatically scaling with unpredictable traffic. Option B is incorrect because Kinesis Data Streams does not directly store data in S3; it requires a consumer application. GWLB is intended for deploying and scaling virtual network appliances, not for API ingestion and authorization.
Question 427
A company runs a container application by using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). The application includes microservices that manage customers and place orders. The company needs to route incoming requests to the appropriate microservices.
Which solution will meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively?
A. Use the AWS Load Balancer Controller to provision a Network Load Balancer.
B. Use the AWS Load Balancer Controller to provision an Application Load Balancer.
C. Use an AWS Lambda function to connect the requests to Amazon EKS.
D. Use Amazon API Gateway to connect the requests to Amazon EKS.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An Application Load Balancer (ALB) provisioned by the AWS Load Balancer Controller is the standard EKS ingress solution for Layer 7 HTTP/HTTPS routing. It supports host- and path-based routing, making it ideal for directing requests to different microservices such as customer and order services. A Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and does not provide application-layer routing. Lambda is not an appropriate request router for EKS. API Gateway can front EKS but adds unnecessary cost and complexity for simple microservice routing, making ALB the most cost-effective choice in this scenario.
Question 428
A company uses AWS and sells access to copyrighted images. The company’s global customer base needs to be able to access these images quickly. The company must deny access to users from specific countries. The company wants to minimize costs as much as possible.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon S3 to store the images. Turn on multi-factor authentication (MFA) and public bucket access. Provide customers with a link to the S3 bucket.
B. Use Amazon S3 to store the images. Create an IAM user for each customer. Add the users to a group that has permission to access the S3 bucket.
C. Use Amazon EC2 instances that are behind Application Load Balancers (ALBs) to store the images. Deploy the instances only in the countries the company services. Provide customers with links to the ALBs for their specific country's instances.
D. Use Amazon S3 to store the images. Use Amazon CloudFront to distribute the images with geographic restrictions. Provide a signed URL for each customer to access the data in CloudFront.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Amazon S3 is the most cost-effective storage for static images. Amazon CloudFront provides a global CDN for fast access, supports geographic restrictions to block requests from specific countries, and signed URLs restrict access to authorized customers. The other options either expose the bucket publicly, require impractical per-customer IAM users, or use unnecessarily expensive EC2 infrastructure.
Question 429
A solutions architect is designing a highly available Amazon ElastiCache for Redis based solution. The solutions architect needs to ensure that failures do not result in performance degradation or loss of data locally and within an AWS Region. The solution needs to provide high availability at the node level and at the Region level.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Multi-AZ Redis replication groups with shards that contain multiple nodes.
B. Use Redis shards that contain multiple nodes with Redis append only files (AOF) turned on.
C. Use a Multi-AZ Redis cluster with more than one read replica in the replication group.
D. Use Redis shards that contain multiple nodes with Auto Scaling turned on.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Multi-AZ Redis replication groups with multiple nodes per shard provide automatic failover across Availability Zones and replica-based redundancy within each shard, meeting the requirement for node-level and Regional high availability without data loss. AOF and Auto Scaling do not provide the required HA/failover, and option C is less precise because it does not explicitly address multiple nodes per shard in a sharded deployment.
Question 430
A company plans to migrate to AWS and use Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances for its application. During the migration testing phase, a technical team observes that the application takes a long time to launch and load memory to become fully productive.
Which solution will reduce the launch time of the application during the next testing phase?
A. Launch two or more EC2 On-Demand Instances. Turn on auto scaling features and make the EC2 On-Demand Instances available during the next testing phase.
B. Launch EC2 Spot Instances to support the application and to scale the application so it is available during the next testing phase.
C. Launch the EC2 On-Demand Instances with hibernation turned on. Configure EC2 Auto Scaling warm pools during the next testing phase.
D. Launch EC2 On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Start additional EC2 instances during the next testing phase.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: EC2 hibernation preserves the instance's in-memory state, allowing it to resume much faster than a fresh boot for applications with long initialization times. EC2 Auto Scaling warm pools keep pre-initialized instances ready, reducing scale-out and launch latency during testing. Capacity Reservations only guarantee capacity, Spot Instances do not address startup latency, and simply launching more On-Demand instances with Auto Scaling does not solve the slow bootstrap problem.
Question 431
A company's applications run on Amazon EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups. The company notices that its applications experience sudden traffic increases on random days of the week. The company wants to maintain application performance during sudden traffic increases.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Use manual scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
B. Use predictive scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
C. Use dynamic scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
D. Use schedule scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dynamic scaling automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances based on real-time demand metrics (such as CPU utilization or request count), making it the most cost-effective choice for sudden, unpredictable traffic increases. Predictive scaling is intended for recurring, forecastable demand patterns, scheduled scaling is for known time-based changes, and manual scaling does not automatically maintain performance.
Question 432
A research company uses on-premises devices to generate data for analysis. The company wants to use the AWS Cloud to analyze the data. The devices generate .csv files and support writing the data to an SMB file share. Company analysts must be able to use SQL commands to query the data. The analysts will run queries periodically throughout the day.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose three.)
A. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway on premises in Amazon S3 File Gateway mode.
B. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway on premises in Amazon FSx File Gateway made.
C. Set up an AWS Glue crawler to create a table based on the data that is in Amazon S3.
D. Set up an Amazon EMR cluster with EMR File System (EMRFS) to query the data that is in Amazon S3. Provide access to analysts.
E. Set up an Amazon Redshift cluster to query the data that is in Amazon S3. Provide access to analysts.
F. Setup Amazon Athena to query the data that is in Amazon S3. Provide access to analysts.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A, C, F
Explanation: Use Amazon S3 File Gateway to expose an SMB share backed by Amazon S3, allowing the on-premises devices to write CSV files without modification. Use an AWS Glue crawler to catalog the CSV data in the AWS Glue Data Catalog so it can be queried easily. Use Amazon Athena to run periodic SQL queries directly against the data in Amazon S3 in a serverless, pay-per-query model, which is more cost-effective than maintaining EMR or Redshift clusters.
Question 433
A company wants to use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters and Amazon RDS DB instances to build and run a payment processing application. The company will run the application in its on-premises data center for compliance purposes.
A solutions architect wants to use AWS Outposts as part of the solution. The solutions architect is working with the company's operational team to build the application.
Which activities are the responsibility of the company's operational team? (Choose three.)
A. Providing resilient power and network connectivity to the Outposts racks
B. Managing the virtualization hypervisor, storage systems, and the AWS services that run on Outposts
C. Physical security and access controls of the data center environment
D. Availability of the Outposts infrastructure including the power supplies, servers, and networking equipment within the Outposts racks
E. Physical maintenance of Outposts components
F. Providing extra capacity for Amazon ECS clusters to mitigate server failures and maintenance events
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A, C, F
Explanation: With AWS Outposts, the customer is responsible for the data center facility (including resilient power and network connectivity), physical security and access control of the site, and capacity planning because Outposts capacity is fixed and must include headroom for maintenance and failures. AWS is responsible for managing the Outposts hardware, hypervisor, storage systems, AWS services on Outposts, infrastructure availability within the rack, and physical maintenance of Outposts components.
Question 434
A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer that has sticky sessions enabled. The web server currently hosts the user session state. The company wants to ensure high availability and avoid user session state loss in the event of a web server outage.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use an Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached instance to store the session data. Update the application to use ElastiCache for Memcached to store the session state.
B. Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to store the session state. Update the application to use ElastiCache for Redis to store the session state.
C. Use an AWS Storage Gateway cached volume to store session data. Update the application to use AWS Storage Gateway cached volume to store the session state.
D. Use Amazon RDS to store the session state. Update the application to use Amazon RDS to store the session state.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to externalize session state from the EC2 instances. Redis supports replication, Multi-AZ, and automatic failover, providing high availability for session data. If an EC2 instance fails, another instance can retrieve the user's session from Redis. Memcached does not provide the same high-availability and durability features. Storage Gateway is not intended for session storage, and RDS is less suitable than an in-memory data store for low-latency web session management.
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