A package delivery company has an application that uses Amazon EC2 instances and an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. As the application becomes more popular, EC2 instance usage increases only slightly. DB cluster usage increases at a much faster rate.
The company adds a read replica, which reduces the DB cluster usage for a short period of time. However, the load continues to increase. The operations that cause the increase in DB cluster usage are all repeated read statements that are related to delivery details. The company needs to alleviate the effect of repeated reads on the DB cluster.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Implement an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster between the application and the DB cluster.
B. Add an additional read replica to the DB cluster.
C. Configure Aurora Auto Scaling for the Aurora read replicas.
D. Modify the DB cluster to have multiple writer instances.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The workload is dominated by repeated read queries for delivery details, which is a classic caching use case. Placing Amazon ElastiCache for Redis between the application and Aurora allows frequently requested data to be served from memory, significantly reducing database reads and lowering load on both the writer and read replicas. Adding more replicas or enabling Aurora Auto Scaling only distributes the read load across more database instances; it does not eliminate repeated database access and is generally less cost-effective for highly repetitive reads. Multiple writer instances are unrelated to a read-heavy workload.
Question 294
A company runs a three-tier web application in a VPC across multiple Availability Zones. Amazon EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group for the application tier.
The company needs to make an automated scaling plan that will analyze each resource's daily and weekly historical workload trends. The configuration must scale resources appropriately according to both the forecast and live changes in utilization.
Which scaling strategy should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?
A. Implement dynamic scaling with step scaling based on average CPU utilization from the EC2 instances.
B. Enable predictive scaling to forecast and scale. Configure dynamic scaling with target tracking
C. Create an automated scheduled scaling action based on the traffic patterns of the web application.
D. Set up a simple scaling policy. Increase the cooldown period based on the EC2 instance startup time.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Predictive scaling analyzes historical daily and weekly workload patterns to forecast capacity needs. Combining predictive scaling with dynamic target tracking allows the Auto Scaling group to proactively scale based on forecasts while also reacting to real-time utilization changes, matching both requirements. Step scaling, scheduled scaling, and simple scaling do not provide both ML-based forecasting and live adaptive scaling.
Question 295
A company has an on-premises data center that is running out of storage capacity. The company wants to migrate its storage infrastructure to AWS while minimizing bandwidth costs. The solution must allow for immediate retrieval of data at no additional cost.
How can these requirements be met?
A. Deploy Amazon S3 Glacier Vault and enable expedited retrieval. Enable provisioned retrieval capacity for the workload.
B. Deploy AWS Storage Gateway using cached volumes. Use Storage Gateway to store data in Amazon S3 while retaining copies of frequently accessed data subsets locally.
C. Deploy AWS Storage Gateway using stored volumes to store data locally. Use Storage Gateway to asynchronously back up point-in-time snapshots of the data to Amazon S3.
D. Deploy AWS Direct Connect to connect with the on-premises data center. Configure AWS Storage Gateway to store data locally. Use Storage Gateway to asynchronously back up point-in-time snapshots of the data to Amazon S3.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cached volumes use Amazon S3 as the primary storage while keeping only frequently accessed data cached on premises. This addresses the on-premises capacity shortage, reduces bandwidth through local caching and gateway optimization, and S3 provides immediate retrieval with no retrieval fee (unlike Glacier). Stored volumes keep the primary copy on premises and therefore do not solve the storage-capacity problem. Direct Connect is unnecessary for the stated requirements, and Glacier incurs retrieval considerations.
Question 296
A company stores critical data in Amazon DynamoDB tables in the company's AWS account. An IT administrator accidentally deleted a DynamoDB table. The deletion caused a significant loss of data and disrupted the company's operations. The company wants to prevent this type of disruption in the future.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Configure a trail in AWS CloudTrail. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for delete actions. Create an AWS Lambda function to automatically restore deleted DynamoDB tables.
B. Create a backup and restore plan for the DynamoDB tables. Recover the DynamoDB tables manually.
C. Configure deletion protection on the DynamoDB tables.
D. Enable point-in-time recovery on the DynamoDB tables.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Deletion protection on DynamoDB tables directly prevents accidental table deletion, addressing the root cause with minimal operational overhead. Point-in-time recovery and backups help recover data after deletion but do not prevent the deletion event, and an automated CloudTrail/EventBridge/Lambda restoration workflow is significantly more complex to operate.
Question 297
A company has deployed a multiplayer game for mobile devices. The game requires live location tracking of players based on latitude and longitude. The data store for the game must support rapid updates and retrieval of locations.
The game uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance with read replicas to store the location data. During peak usage periods, the database is unable to maintain the performance that is needed for reading and writing updates. The game's user base is increasing rapidly.
What should a solutions architect do to improve the performance of the data tier?
A. Take a snapshot of the existing DB instance. Restore the snapshot with Multi-AZ enabled.
B. Migrate from Amazon RDS to Amazon OpenSearch Service with OpenSearch Dashboards.
C. Deploy Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) in front of the existing DB instance. Modify the game to use DAX.
D. Deploy an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster in front of the existing DB instance. Modify the game to use Redis.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Amazon DAX is a caching accelerator designed exclusively for DynamoDB and cannot be placed in front of an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. Multi-AZ improves availability, not performance. OpenSearch is not an appropriate primary data store for rapidly updated transactional location data. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis is well suited for low-latency, high-throughput location lookups and updates, including geospatial use cases, reducing load on the RDS database.
Question 298
A company maintains about 300 TB in Amazon S3 Standard storage month after month. The S3 objects are each typically around 50 GB in size and are frequently replaced with multipart uploads by their global application. The number and size of S3 objects remain constant, but the company's S3 storage costs are increasing each month.
How should a solutions architect reduce costs in this situation?
A. Switch from multipart uploads to Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration.
B. Enable an S3 Lifecycle policy that deletes incomplete multipart uploads.
C. Configure S3 inventory to prevent objects from being archived too quickly.
D. Configure Amazon CloudFront to reduce the number of objects stored in Amazon S3.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Incomplete multipart upload parts are billed as storage until they are completed or aborted. If large objects are frequently replaced using multipart uploads, abandoned or failed multipart uploads can accumulate and increase storage costs even though the visible object count and total object size remain constant. An S3 Lifecycle rule to automatically abort/delete incomplete multipart uploads reduces these unnecessary storage charges.
Question 299
A company runs container applications by using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) and the Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler. The workload is not consistent throughout the day. A solutions architect notices that the number of nodes does not automatically scale out when the existing nodes have reached maximum capacity in the cluster, which causes performance issues.
Which solution will resolve this issue with the LEAST administrative overhead?
A. Scale out the nodes by tracking the memory usage.
B. Use the Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler to manage the number of nodes in the cluster.
C. Use an AWS Lambda function to resize the EKS cluster automatically.
D. Use an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to distribute the workload.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) scales pods, not worker nodes. When pods cannot be scheduled because existing nodes are at capacity, the Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler automatically adds or removes worker nodes by interacting with the underlying Auto Scaling groups. This provides the required node scaling with the least administrative overhead. Tracking memory alone does not solve node provisioning, a Lambda-based solution adds unnecessary management, and an EC2 Auto Scaling group by itself does not integrate with Kubernetes scheduling decisions to add nodes when pods are pending.
Question 300
A company has applications that run on Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances connect to Amazon RDS databases by using an IAM role that has associated policies. The company wants to use AWS Systems Manager to patch the EC2 instances without disrupting the running applications.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a new IAM role. Attach the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore policy to the new IAM role. Attach the new IAM role to the EC2 instances and the existing IAM role.
B. Create an IAM user. Attach the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore policy to the IAM user. Configure Systems Manager to use the IAM user to manage the EC2 instances.
C. Enable Default Host Configuration Management in Systems Manager to manage the EC2 instances.
D. Remove the existing policies from the existing IAM role. Add the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore policy to the existing IAM role.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Default Host Management Configuration allows Systems Manager to manage EC2 instances without modifying or replacing the existing instance profile used by the applications. It creates and applies the necessary Systems Manager permissions automatically. Option A is invalid because an EC2 instance can have only one IAM instance profile attached at a time. Option B is incorrect because Systems Manager manages instances through IAM roles/instance profiles, not IAM users. Option D removes the application's existing permissions, which would disrupt access to Amazon RDS instead of preserving it.
Question 301
A company has an AWS Direct Connect connection from its on-premises location to an AWS account. The AWS account has 30 different VPCs in the same AWS Region. The VPCs use private virtual interfaces (VIFs). Each VPC has a CIDR block that does not overlap with other networks under the company's control.
The company wants to centrally manage the networking architecture while still allowing each VPC to communicate with all other VPCs and on-premises networks.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
A. Create a transit gateway, and associate the Direct Connect connection with a new transit VIF. Turn on the transit gateway's route propagation feature.
B. Create a Direct Connect gateway. Recreate the private VIFs to use the new gateway. Associate each VPC by creating new virtual private gateways.
C. Create a transit VPConnect the Direct Connect connection to the transit VPCreate a peering connection between all other VPCs in the Region. Update the route tables.
D. Create AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections from on premises to each VPC. Ensure that both VPN tunnels are UP for each connection. Turn on the route propagation feature.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A transit gateway provides centralized hub-and-spoke connectivity between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. With Direct Connect using a transit virtual interface (via the required Direct Connect gateway association), the transit gateway can connect all VPCs and on-premises with scalable route propagation and far less operational overhead than maintaining many private VIFs, VPC peerings, or VPNs.
Question 302
A company wants to rearchitect a large-scale web application to a serverless microservices architecture. The application uses Amazon EC2 instances and is written in Python.
The company selected one component of the web application to test as a microservice. The component supports hundreds of requests each second. The company wants to create and test the microservice on an AWS solution that supports Python. The solution must also scale automatically and require minimal infrastructure and minimal operational support.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use a Spot Fleet with auto scaling of EC2 instances that run the most recent Amazon Linux operating system.
B. Use an AWS Elastic Beanstalk web server environment that has high availability configured.
C. Use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Launch Auto Scaling groups of self-managed EC2 instances.
D. Use an AWS Lambda function that runs custom developed code.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: AWS Lambda is the serverless compute service that natively supports Python, automatically scales to handle hundreds of requests per second, and requires minimal infrastructure management and operational overhead. The other options all require managing EC2 instances or clusters, which do not meet the serverless and minimal-operations requirements.
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