A company wants to set up private access to Amazon Bedrock APIs from the company’s AWS account. The company also wants to protect its data from internet exposure. Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Use Amazon CloudFront to restrict access to the company’s private content.
B. Use AWS Glue to set up data encryption across the company’s data catalog.
C. Use AWS Lake Formation to manage centralized data governance and cross-account data sharing.
D. Use AWS PrivateLink to configure a private connection between the company’s VPC and Amazon Bedrock.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The requirement is to access Amazon Bedrock APIs privately without exposing traffic to the public internet. AWS PrivateLink provides private VPC endpoints that allow services in a VPC to connect to AWS services over the AWS network, ensuring no internet exposure and improved security. The other options do not provide private network access to Bedrock APIs.
Question 36
Which term is the speed at which a pre-trained foundation model (FM) processes requests and delivers output?
A. Model size
B. Inference latency
C. Context window
D. Fine-tuning
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The speed at which a pre-trained foundation model processes an input and returns an output is called inference latency. Model size refers to parameters, context window to input length, and fine-tuning to additional training, none of which directly define response speed.
Question 37
A company is evaluating several large language models (LLMs) for a text summarization task. The company needs to select a metric to evaluate the quality of the summaries that the LLMs generate.
Which metric will meet this requirement?
A. Recall
B. Area under the ROC curve (AUC)
C. Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE)
D. Mean squared error (MSE)
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: ROUGE is specifically designed to evaluate text summarization by comparing the overlap between a generated summary and one or more human-written reference summaries. It captures lexical and sequence-level similarity (e.g., ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, ROUGE-L), making it appropriate for assessing summary quality. The other options are general classification or regression metrics and are not suitable for summarization evaluation.
Question 37
Which AI technique combines large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge bases to improve response accuracy?
A. Reinforcement learning (RL)
B. Natural language processing (NLP)
C. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)
D. Transfer learning
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models by retrieving relevant information from external knowledge bases or documents at query time and using it to generate more accurate, up-to-date responses. The other options do not specifically integrate external retrieval with generation.
Question 38
An AI practitioner is building an ML model. The AI practitioner wants to provide model transparency and explainability to stakeholders.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Present the model Shapley values.
B. Provide the model accuracy measure.
C. Provide the model confusion matrix.
D. Provide a secure model inference endpoint.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Model transparency and explainability require understanding why predictions are made and how input features contribute. Shapley (SHAP) values attribute each feature’s contribution to individual predictions and overall behavior, directly addressing explainability. Accuracy metrics, confusion matrices, and secure endpoints do not explain model decisions.
Question 38
A company is building a custom AI solution in Amazon SageMaker Studio to analyze financial transactions for fraudulent activity in real time. The company needs to ensure that the connectivity from SageMaker Studio to Amazon Bedrock traverses the company’s VPC.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Configure AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles and policies for SageMaker Studio to access Amazon Bedrock.
B. Configure Amazon Macie to proxy requests from SageMaker Studio to Amazon Bedrock.
C. Configure AWS PrivateLink endpoints for the Amazon Bedrock API endpoints in the VPC that SageMaker Studio is connected to.
D. Configure a new VPC for the Amazon Bedrock usage. Register the VPCs as peers.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The requirement is that traffic from SageMaker Studio to Amazon Bedrock must stay within the company’s VPC. AWS PrivateLink provides private VPC endpoints to AWS services, ensuring that API calls to Amazon Bedrock do not traverse the public internet. IAM roles only control authorization, Macie is unrelated, and VPC peering is not supported for accessing Bedrock service endpoints. Therefore, configuring PrivateLink endpoints is the correct solution.
Question 39
A research group wants to test different generative AI models to create research papers. The research group has defined a prompt and needs a method to assess the models’ output. The research group wants to use a team of scientists to perform the output assessments.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use automatic evaluation on Amazon Personalize.
B. Use content moderation on Amazon Rekognition.
C. Use model evaluation on Amazon Bedrock.
D. Use sentiment analysis on Amazon Comprehend.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Amazon Bedrock model evaluation supports both automated and human-in-the-loop evaluation workflows. It allows teams of subject-matter experts, such as scientists, to review, score, and compare generative model outputs against defined prompts, which directly meets the requirement for human assessment of generated research papers.
Question 39
A company has a team of AI practitioners that builds and maintains AI applications in an AWS account. The company must keep records of the actions that each AI practitioner takes in the AWS account for audit purposes.
Which AWS service will meet these requirements?
A. AWS CloudTrail
B. AWS Config
C. AWS Audit Manager
D. AWS Trusted Advisor
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: AWS CloudTrail records all API calls and user actions taken in an AWS account, including who made the request, what action was taken, and when it occurred. This provides the detailed activity logs required for auditing individual AI practitioners' actions. AWS Config tracks resource configuration changes, Audit Manager aggregates evidence for compliance frameworks, and Trusted Advisor provides best-practice recommendations, none of which directly record user actions.
Question 40
A financial company wants to build workflows for human review of ML predictions. The company wants to define confidence thresholds for its use case and adjust the thresholds over time.
Which AWS service meets these requirements?
A. Amazon Personalize
B. Amazon Augmented AI (Amazon A2I)
C. Amazon Inspector
D. AWS Audit Manager
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Amazon Augmented AI (Amazon A2I) is designed to add human review workflows to machine learning predictions. It allows you to define confidence thresholds that determine when predictions are automatically accepted versus sent to human reviewers, and these thresholds can be adjusted over time as the model or business requirements change. The other options do not provide human-in-the-loop ML review capabilities.
Question 40
A company is using AI to build a toy recommendation website that suggests toys based on a customer’s interests and age. The company notices that the AI tends to suggest stereotypically gendered toys.
Which AWS service or feature should the company use to investigate the bias?
A. Amazon Rekognition
B. Amazon Q Developer
C. Amazon Comprehend
D. Amazon SageMaker Clarify
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Amazon SageMaker Clarify is designed to detect and explain bias in machine learning datasets and models, making it the appropriate service to investigate gender bias in toy recommendations. The other services focus on image analysis, developer assistance, or text analytics rather than ML bias detection.
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