Professional Data Engineer Free Practice Questions — Page 3

Question 8

You are building a system to process financial transactions. The system must handle a high throughput of concurrent user operations and each operation requires low-latency reads and writes to individual records. You need to identify a storage solution that guarantees ACID compliance for the processed transactions. You want a Google Cloud managed service. What should you do?

Question 9

The Development and External teams have the project viewer Identity and Access Management (IAM) role in a folder named Visualization. You want the Development Team to be able to read data from both Cloud Storage and BigQuery, but the External Team should only be able to read data from BigQuery. What should you do?

Question 9

Your organization has thousands of images stored in Cloud Storage. The organization's data analysts need to categorize these images upon analyzing the image content and store the results in a structured format for integration with other BigQuery datasets. You need a solution that allows the analysts to perform this task with the least amount of coding. What should you do?

Question 10

Your company is performing data preprocessing for a learning algorithm in Google Cloud Dataflow. Numerous data logs are being are being generated during this step, and the team wants to analyze them. Due to the dynamic nature of the campaign, the data is growing exponentially every hour. The data scientists have written the following code to read the data for a new key features in the logs. You want to improve the performance of this data read. What should you do?

Question 10

You are developing a fraud detection model using BigQuery ML. You have a raw transaction dataset and need to create new features such as the average_transaction_amount_last_24_hours and time_since_last_transaction. These features require aggregation and time-window calculations on the existing data. The goal is to ensure that these features are consistently applied during both model training and prediction without manual intervention. You need to prepare these features efficiently for your model. What should you do?

Question 11

You are using Google BigQuery as your data warehouse. Your users report that the following simple query is running very slowly, no matter when they run the query: SELECT country, state, city FROM [myproject:mydataset.mytable] GROUP BY country You check the query plan for the query and see the following output in the Read section of Stage:1: What is the most likely cause of the delay for this query?

Question 11

You analyze user clickstream data to personalize content recommendations. The data arrives continuously and needs to be processed with low latency, including transformations such as sessionization (grouping clicks by user within a time window) and aggregation of user activity. You need to identify a scalable solution to handle millions of events each second and be resilient to late-arriving data. What should you do?

Question 12

MJTelco Case Study - Company Overview - MJTelco is a startup that plans to build networks in rapidly growing, underserved markets around the world. The company has patents for innovative optical communications hardware. Based on these patents, they can create many reliable, high-speed backbone links with inexpensive hardware. Company Background - Founded by experienced telecom executives, MJTelco uses technologies originally developed to overcome communications challenges in space. Fundamental to their operation, they need to create a distributed data infrastructure that drives real-time analysis and incorporates machine learning to continuously optimize their topologies. Because their hardware is inexpensive, they plan to overdeploy the network allowing them to account for the impact of dynamic regional politics on location availability and cost. Their management and operations teams are situated all around the globe creating many-to-many relationship between data consumers and provides in their system. After careful consideration, they decided public cloud is the perfect environment to support their needs. Solution Concept - MJTelco is running a successful proof-of-concept (PoC) project in its labs. They have two primary needs: ✑ Scale and harden their PoC to support significantly more data flows generated when they ramp to more than 50,000 installations. ✑ Refine their machine-learning cycles to verify and improve the dynamic models they use to control topology definition. MJTelco will also use three separate operating environments `" development/test, staging, and production `" to meet the needs of running experiments, deploying new features, and serving production customers. Business Requirements - ✑ Scale up their production environment with minimal cost, instantiating resources when and where needed in an unpredictable, distributed telecom user community. ✑ Ensure security of their proprietary data to protect their leading-edge machine learning and analysis. ✑ Provide reliable and timely access to data for analysis from distributed research workers Maintain isolated environments that support rapid iteration of their machine-learning models without affecting their customers. Technical Requirements - ✑ Ensure secure and efficient transport and storage of telemetry data ✑ Rapidly scale instances to support between 10,000 and 100,000 data providers with multiple flows each. ✑ Allow analysis and presentation against data tables tracking up to 2 years of data storing approximately 100m records/day ✑ Support rapid iteration of monitoring infrastructure focused on awareness of data pipeline problems both in telemetry flows and in production learning cycles. CEO Statement - Our business model relies on our patents, analytics and dynamic machine learning. Our inexpensive hardware is organized to be highly reliable, which gives us cost advantages. We need to quickly stabilize our large distributed data pipelines to meet our reliability and capacity commitments. CTO Statement - Our public cloud services must operate as advertised. We need resources that scale and keep our data secure. We also need environments in which our data scientists can carefully study and quickly adapt our models. Because we rely on automation to process our data, we also need our development and test environments to work as we iterate. CFO Statement - The project is too large for us to maintain the hardware and software required for the data and analysis. Also, we cannot afford to staff an operations team to monitor so many data feeds, so we will rely on automation and infrastructure. Google Cloud's machine learning will allow our quantitative researchers to work on our high-value problems instead of problems with our data pipelines. You need to compose visualizations for operations teams with the following requirements: ✑ The report must include telemetry data from all 50,000 installations for the most resent 6 weeks (sampling once every minute). ✑ The report must not be more than 3 hours delayed from live data. ✑ The actionable report should only show suboptimal links. ✑ Most suboptimal links should be sorted to the top. ✑ Suboptimal links can be grouped and filtered by regional geography. ✑ User response time to load the report must be <5 seconds. Which approach meets the requirements?

Question 12

Your Cloud Storage data lake has raw, processed, and historical data in different buckets. Data older than two years is rarely accessed, and all data must be retained for no longer than seven years. You are concerned about rising storage costs. How should you control costs for the historical data bucket?

Question 13

Flowlogistic Case Study - Company Overview - Flowlogistic is a leading logistics and supply chain provider. They help businesses throughout the world manage their resources and transport them to their final destination. The company has grown rapidly, expanding their offerings to include rail, truck, aircraft, and oceanic shipping. Company Background - The company started as a regional trucking company, and then expanded into other logistics market. Because they have not updated their infrastructure, managing and tracking orders and shipments has become a bottleneck. To improve operations, Flowlogistic developed proprietary technology for tracking shipments in real time at the parcel level. However, they are unable to deploy it because their technology stack, based on Apache Kafka, cannot support the processing volume. In addition, Flowlogistic wants to further analyze their orders and shipments to determine how best to deploy their resources. Solution Concept - Flowlogistic wants to implement two concepts using the cloud: Use their proprietary technology in a real-time inventory-tracking system that indicates the location of their loads ✑ Perform analytics on all their orders and shipment logs, which contain both structured and unstructured data, to determine how best to deploy resources, which markets to expand info. They also want to use predictive analytics to learn earlier when a shipment will be delayed. Existing Technical Environment - Flowlogistic architecture resides in a single data center: ✑ Databases 8 physical servers in 2 clusters - SQL Server `" user data, inventory, static data 3 physical servers - Cassandra `" metadata, tracking messages 10 Kafka servers `" tracking message aggregation and batch insert ✑ Application servers `" customer front end, middleware for order/customs 60 virtual machines across 20 physical servers - Tomcat `" Java services - Nginx `" static content - Batch servers ✑ Storage appliances - iSCSI for virtual machine (VM) hosts - Fibre Channel storage area network (FC SAN) `" SQL server storage - Network-attached storage (NAS) image storage, logs, backups ✑ 10 Apache Hadoop /Spark servers - Core Data Lake - Data analysis workloads ✑ 20 miscellaneous servers - Jenkins, monitoring, bastion hosts, Business Requirements - ✑ Build a reliable and reproducible environment with scaled panty of production. ✑ Aggregate data in a centralized Data Lake for analysis ✑ Use historical data to perform predictive analytics on future shipments ✑ Accurately track every shipment worldwide using proprietary technology ✑ Improve business agility and speed of innovation through rapid provisioning of new resources ✑ Analyze and optimize architecture for performance in the cloud ✑ Migrate fully to the cloud if all other requirements are met Technical Requirements - Handle both streaming and batch data ✑ Migrate existing Hadoop workloads ✑ Ensure architecture is scalable and elastic to meet the changing demands of the company. ✑ Use managed services whenever possible ✑ Encrypt data flight and at rest ✑ Connect a VPN between the production data center and cloud environment SEO Statement - We have grown so quickly that our inability to upgrade our infrastructure is really hampering further growth and efficiency. We are efficient at moving shipments around the world, but we are inefficient at moving data around. We need to organize our information so we can more easily understand where our customers are and what they are shipping. CTO Statement - IT has never been a priority for us, so as our data has grown, we have not invested enough in our technology. I have a good staff to manage IT, but they are so busy managing our infrastructure that I cannot get them to do the things that really matter, such as organizing our data, building the analytics, and figuring out how to implement the CFO' s tracking technology. CFO Statement - Part of our competitive advantage is that we penalize ourselves for late shipments and deliveries. Knowing where out shipments are at all times has a direct correlation to our bottom line and profitability. Additionally, I don't want to commit capital to building out a server environment. Flowlogistic's CEO wants to gain rapid insight into their customer base so his sales team can be better informed in the field. This team is not very technical, so they've purchased a visualization tool to simplify the creation of BigQuery reports. However, they've been overwhelmed by all the data in the table, and are spending a lot of money on queries trying to find the data they need. You want to solve their problem in the most cost-effective way. What should you do?